Things You Need to Know about Cuba
Introduction
Planning a trip to the enchanting island of Cuba? Before you immerse yourself in the vibrant streets of Havana or the sandy shores of Varadero, there are some essentials you should be clued in on. From its historical roots to mouth-watering cuisine, here are 20 things every traveller must know. Ready?
Be sure to take a look at our other guides to the Caribbean and Cuba, such as the Top 10 Places to visit in Cuba . Enjoy!
5 Key Takeaways
- Historical Significance: Cuba boasts a rich history that’s evident in its streets, from the glitz and glamour of the pre-revolutionary period to the distinct socialist transformation post-1959 revolution.
- Currency Nuances: Cuba operates with two main currencies, the Cuban Convertible Peso (CUC) and the Cuban Peso (CUP). While tourists primarily use CUC, having some CUP can be beneficial for more authentic local experiences.
- Ideal Travel Period: The best months to visit Cuba, considering the weather, are between November and March. However, travelling during shoulder months might offer fewer crowds.
- Language and Cultural Appreciation: Although Spanish is the primary language, any effort to communicate, even with basic phrases, is well-received. Additionally, understanding and respecting local cultural etiquettes, such as modest dressing at religious sites, enhances the travel experience.
- Cuban Gastronomy: The local cuisine is a delightful mix of Spanish, African, and Caribbean influences, with dishes like “Ropa Vieja” and drinks like “Mojito” being central to the Cuban culinary experience.
Historical Background
Understanding Cuba’s history will enrich your travel experience tenfold.
Pre-revolutionary Cuba
Before the 1959 revolution, Cuba was known for its glitz and glamour. Casinos, cabarets, and luxury hotels attracted many celebrities and tourists. This era saw a mingling of American and Cuban cultures.
Post-revolutionary Cuba
The revolution brought radical changes, transforming Cuba into a socialist state. Old American cars, grand colonial buildings, and revolutionary slogans can be seen everywhere, adding to the country’s unique charm.
Currency & Budgeting in Cuba
While the alluring sights and sounds of Cuba might sweep you off your feet, it’s essential to keep a firm grip on your purse strings. Effectively managing your finances in this Caribbean island nation requires an understanding of its unique economic landscape.
Types of Currencies:
Cuba’s Dual Currency System
Cuba is one of the few countries with a dual currency system, which can initially seem perplexing to visitors.
Cuban Convertible Peso (CUC): Predominantly for tourists, the CUC is pegged to the US dollar. From hotels to tourist-centric restaurants and attractions, this currency is your primary mode of transaction. It’s equivalent to foreign currencies, so you’ll likely get change in CUCs when you exchange your pounds, euros, or dollars.
Cuban Peso (CUP): This is the local currency, used predominantly by Cubans for their day-to-day needs. When wandering off the beaten tourist paths, you’ll find that street vendors, local eateries, and provincial markets operate mainly in CUPs. It’s worth having a few of these in your pocket, as 1 CUC is much higher in value than 1 CUP. Not only will this give you a more authentic experience, but you might also discover some local delicacies or trinkets at a fraction of the tourist price.
Budgeting Tips:
Making the Most of Your Cuban Adventure on a Budget
Research and Prioritise: Before you set foot in Cuba, have a clear idea of the attractions you want to visit, the experiences you don’t want to miss, and the souvenirs you wish to take back. By prioritising, you can allocate your budget accordingly.
Eat Local: While Cuban resorts offer a plethora of dining options, trying local “paladares” (privately owned restaurants) or street food can give you a taste of authentic Cuban cuisine without breaking the bank. Remember, using CUPs in such places can be much cheaper.
Avoid Import Traps: Items that are imported, especially from the West, can be significantly more expensive in Cuba due to import restrictions and taxes. This includes certain toiletries, gadgets, and even some food items. If possible, bring essentials with you.
Barter Wisely: While it’s customary to haggle in markets, ensure you’re respectful. Understand the value of what you’re purchasing, and remember that a small amount for you can mean a lot for the local vendor.
Splurge Thoughtfully: Cuba is famed for its cigars and rum. If you wish to indulge, ensure you’re buying from reputable sources to get the genuine article. And while these might be a bit of an expense, the experience is worth the splurge for many.
Best Time to Visit Cuba
Cuba, with its tropical climate and year-round warmth, beckons travellers across all seasons. However, like any destination, there are optimal times to enjoy the best of what the island has to offer.
Seasonal Insights:
From November to March, Cuba enjoys its dry season. The days are sunny, and the nights pleasantly cool, making it the ideal time to explore both its vibrant cities and pristine beaches. This period is popular among tourists, especially those looking to escape the winter chill of northern countries. Christmas and New Year see a spike in tourists, leading to bustling streets and lively festivals.
However, if you’re someone who prefers tranquillity over tourist throngs, the shoulder months – typically late October and early April – might be more to your liking. The weather remains largely pleasant, but with the added bonus of fewer crowds, allowing for a more intimate Cuban experience.
And, true to its tropical nature, Cuba does see its fair share of rains. Instead of viewing these as a damper, embrace them as part of the Caribbean experience. After all, what’s more tropical than dancing amidst a brief, refreshing downpour?
Language & Communication in Cuba
Language is more than just words; it’s a bridge to understanding, connection, and cultural immersion. In Cuba, this bridge is primarily built on Spanish, but even without fluency, you can still cross it with ease.
Basic Phrases:
While Cuba resonates with the rhythm of Spanish, you don’t need to be fluent to engage with its people. Often, it’s the simple phrases that hold the most power. A cheerful “Hola” not only greets locals but also shows your willingness to engage. “Gracias”, a token of gratitude, can light up faces, and if you’re keen on learning more, “¿Cómo estás?” (How are you?) can be a delightful icebreaker.
Communication Tips:
Gesture and Miming: A lack of language fluency can be supplemented with gestures. Whether you’re trying to ask for directions or understand the price of an item, miming can often bridge the communication gap. Plus, it often results in heartwarming, even humorous interactions that remain etched in memory.
Carry a Phrasebook: A pocket-sized Spanish phrasebook or a language app can be invaluable. Not only will it aid communication, but it’s also an excellent way to learn on the go.
Local Interaction: Engage with locals whenever possible. Cubans are renowned for their warmth and hospitality. Even a basic conversation can lead to insights into local life, hidden gems, and even friendships.
Be Patient and Positive: Communication barriers can sometimes lead to misunderstandings. Approach these with patience and a positive attitude. Your efforts to engage in their language will always be appreciated, even if it leads to the occasional mix-up.
Local Cuisine in Cuba
Delving into Cuba’s culinary landscape is akin to embarking on a gastronomic journey through time and cultures. The island’s rich history, combined with its myriad of influences, has created a cuisine that’s both diverse and distinctive.
Must-try Dishes:
Ropa Vieja: Directly translating to ‘old clothes’, Ropa Vieja is far from its namesake. This dish, made from tender shredded beef stewed in a tomato-based sauce with bell peppers and onions, boasts of rich flavours and is often served with rice or fried plantains.
Tres Leches Cake: A sweet treat that’s loved across Latin America, Cuba’s version stands out for its decadence. As the name suggests, it’s a sponge cake drenched in three kinds of milk: evaporated milk, condensed milk, and heavy cream. Topped with a light meringue or whipped cream, it’s the perfect dessert to satisfy sweet cravings.
Picadillo: A ground beef hash cooked with tomatoes, raisins, olives, and capers. Often served with rice, it offers a delightful play of sweet and salty flavours.
Yuca con Mojo: A side dish, but a star in its own right. Yuca, or cassava, is boiled till tender and then drizzled with ‘mojo’, a garlicky citrus sauce that’s a Cuban staple.
Drinks:
Mojito: Originating from Cuba, this refreshing cocktail is a blend of white rum, sugar, lime juice, soda water, and mint. Served over ice, it’s the quintessential Cuban summer drink.
Cuba Libre: Simple yet iconic, it’s a mix of rum, cola, and a splash of lime. The name, translating to ‘Free Cuba’, is a nod to the nation’s history and spirit.
Canchánchara: A lesser-known but traditional drink made from rum, honey, lemon, and water. Often considered a precursor to the Mojito, it’s served in clay pots, giving it a rustic touch.
Cultural Etiquette in Cuba
Every land has its unspoken rules and nuances, and understanding these can enhance your travel experience, ensuring mutual respect between you and the locals.
Dress Code: While Cuba is fairly liberal in its dress sense, especially in beach areas, it’s vital to dress modestly when visiting religious sites. Avoid sleeveless tops and short skirts or shorts. Instead, opt for long pants or dresses and carry a shawl or scarf.
Greetings: A simple nod, smile, or a “Hola” can go a long way. Cubans are warm and friendly, and initiating a greeting is always appreciated.
Salsa Dancing: Music and dance are the lifelines of Cuba. While you might not be a pro at salsa, don’t shy away from the dance floor. A few basic steps, combined with enthusiasm, will earn you appreciation and maybe a few friendly tips from the locals!
Tipping: Tipping is customary in Cuba, especially given the low wages in many service sectors. Whether it’s a restaurant, taxi, or a guided tour, a small tip is a gesture of gratitude for the service provided.
Transportation in Cuba
Navigating the streets and landscapes of Cuba is like stepping back in time, all while embracing the vibrant culture and energy of the present. The country’s transportation options are as varied as they are iconic, offering both practicality and a unique experience for travellers.
Modes of Transport:
Classic Cars: One of the most iconic images associated with Cuba is its fleet of colourful, well-preserved 1950s classic cars. Cruising down the streets of Havana in a vintage Chevrolet or Ford is not just a mode of transportation; it’s a journey through history. Many of these cars function as taxis and can be hired for city tours or regular rides.
Bicycles: Especially prevalent in smaller towns and the countryside, bicycles are a common mode of transport for locals. For tourists, renting a bike can be a wonderful way to explore at your own pace, soaking in the sights and sounds.
Horse-drawn Carriages: In certain regions, particularly in cities like Trinidad, horse-drawn carriages serve as a primary means of transport. They add a charming, old-world touch to the travel experience and are often used for short distances within cities.
Colectivos: Shared taxis, known as ‘colectivos’, are another popular mode of transport. They run on specific routes and are a cost-effective way to travel, especially for longer distances.
Tips for Travellers:
Haggling: Bargaining is an integral part of the Cuban transport culture, especially with taxis. Before hopping into a ride, ensure you negotiate and agree upon a price. Familiarising yourself with average fares can give you a bargaining edge.
Fixed Routes: For shared taxis or colectivos, know that they have fixed routes. It’s advisable to understand their path to ensure they align with your destination.
A Friendly Attitude: Cubans are known for their warmth and friendliness. A genuine smile, a greeting, or a thank you can make your transportation experience much more pleasant. Often, drivers double up as informal guides, sharing stories and tips about the local area.
Safety Tips:
Stay Vigilant: Like any travel destination, it’s crucial to always be aware of your surroundings. While Cuba is generally safe, it’s wise to keep an eye out for any suspicious activity.
Secure Your Belongings: Whether you’re in a crowded area or enjoying a leisurely ride, ensure your valuables, like wallets, cameras, and passports, are secure. Using anti-theft bags or keeping valuables close to your body can deter pickpockets.
Night-Time Caution: If you’re out and about after dark, stick to well-lit areas, especially in cities. Avoid isolated spots and always inform someone, perhaps your hotel or a travel companion, about your whereabouts.
Know Emergency Numbers: It’s always a good practice to have emergency contact numbers, such as local police or your embassy, handy.
10 practical tips for visiting Cuba
Visa Requirements: Ensure you have the required tourist card or visa before travelling. Most nationalities need a tourist card, which is often available through airlines or embassies.
Cash Over Cards: While Cuba’s accessibility to digital banking is increasing, cash is still king. US credit and debit cards don’t work in Cuba, so bring enough cash in other major currencies like EUR, GBP, or CAD to exchange locally.
Dual Currency System: Familiarise yourself with the two currencies – Cuban Convertible Peso (CUC) and Cuban Peso (CUP). While CUC is primarily for tourists, having some CUPs can be cost-effective for street vendors and local markets.
Stay Connected: Internet access is limited. Purchase Wi-Fi cards and use them in designated Wi-Fi zones, often found in public parks or specific hotels.
Accommodation: Consider staying in “casas particulares,” which are private homes licensed to offer lodging services. It’s an authentic way to experience Cuban hospitality and often more affordable than hotels.
Local Transportation: Haggling is a common practice, especially for taxis. Agree on a fare before setting off. If you’re adventurous, try out the local “colectivos” (shared taxis) or “bicitaxis” (bicycle taxis).
Language: Spanish is the primary language. Learning a few basic phrases can enhance your interaction with locals. Always carry a Spanish-English dictionary or a translation app for easier communication.
Cultural Etiquette: Respect local traditions and customs. Dress modestly when visiting religious or official sites. Engaging in local dances or music sessions is a great way to immerse yourself in the culture.
Health Precautions: Drink bottled water and avoid ice in drinks unless you’re sure it’s made from purified water. It’s also wise to keep a travel medical kit with essentials.
Plan Activities: While spontaneity is part of the adventure, some popular attractions or activities might require prior bookings. Research beforehand and perhaps make a list of must-visit spots to ensure you don’t miss out.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Wi-Fi hotspots are available in major cities, and you can purchase internet cards for access.
It’s advisable to drink bottled water.
Most nationalities do. Always check beforehand and ensure your paperwork is in order.
No, US credit cards don’t work. Bring enough cash and exchange it locally.
Cuba operates on Cuba Standard Time (CST).
Final Thoughts
Cuba, with its rich history, diverse culture, and heartwarming people, promises an unforgettable journey. As you prepare, keep these tips in mind, and dive deep into the Cuban way of life. Ready for the adventure of a lifetime?
(Note: Ensure to check the official websites for any changes in ticket prices or visiting hours before planning your trip.) Also add us to your socials!
Thank you for reading! Adios!
Related articles: Best time to visit Cuba , Havana Travel Guide , Places to Visit in December , Discover the World’s Most Colourful Cities
Recommended websites: Visit Cuba
Author
Nick Harvey
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